Levy, Douglas E., Jonathan P. Winickoff, and Nancy A. Rigotti. Pediatrics: Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, September 2, 2011. Children of parents who smoke have worse attendance than their peers with healthier parents, according to this study. Researchers looked at data from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey to assess the relationship between adult-reported household tobacco use and child health and school attendance. Children who experienced tobacco exposure had significant academic disadvantages.